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  1. Cold fusion

    Creation date: 5th of April. 2014

    LENR The Promise of Clean and Affordable Energy

    Initial discovery of LENR or cold fusion

    In March 1989, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, two renowned UTAH electrochemists announce to the world to have mastered the phenomenon of nuclear fusion reaction at low temperature, commonly called "cold fusion" and more recently "LENR".

    Martin Fleishmann was one of the world's top electrochemists and Stanley Pons was head in University of Utah of chemistry department. He wrote or co-wrote more than 200 scientific papers.

    In a 1985 F&P experiment, the cell melted down over the weekend by excess heat.

    The reaction, unexplained to that day, was producing anomalous amounts of excess heat. The stakes were huge: lower cost access to clean - unlimited - affordable to all energy, able to radically change the realities of our society.

    But the excitement of the first few weeks made ​​up very quickly to criticism and denial of this discovery, qualified as a scientific fraud by the major world instances of nuclear physics.

    Inspite of discredit, experiments continued, alongside the official scientist channels...

    What is Low Energy Nuclear Reaction ?

    LENR is also known by the following acronyms :

    • LENR : Lattice Enable Nuclear Reactions
    • LENR : LeClair Effect Nuclear Reactions
    • LANR : Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions
    • CANR : Chemical Assisted Nuclear Reactions
    • CNT : Cold Nuclear Transmutations
    • MDE : Metal Deuterium Energy
    • FPE : Fleischmann-Pons Effect
    • AHE : Anomalous Heat Effect
    • CIHT : Catalyst Induced Hydrino Transition
    • DPIT : Deuterium Permeation Induced Transmutation (Mitsubishi)
    • REQF : Rossi Effect Quantum Fusion
    • CECR : Controled Electron Capture Reaction (Brillouin)
    • HENI : Heat Energy from Nanoplasmonic Interactions (Defkalion)
    • And most famously known as Cold Fusion

     

    Definition by Edmund Storms

    "A nuclear process, initiated on rare occasions in apparently ordinary material without application of significant energy, that generates heat and nuclear products without expected radiation when any isotope of hydrogen is present."

    Electric engineer Thomas A. Wind's simpleton version

    "In essence, hydrogen atoms are fused into helium atoms inside a material lattice structure. Other element transmutations may also occur."

    Refresher on Nuclear Physics

    Chemical reactions produce heat, such as combustion of natural gas. The byproducts have the same elements as you start with. The energy comes from the change of the chemical bonds.

    Nuclear reactions involve the change of one element to another or the change of one isotope to another isotope which has another number of neutrons or in the nucleus.

    A fission nuclear power reactor splits an element into two other elements (a neutron collides with U235 --> many elements + gamma rays + beta rays).

    A fusion reactor combines two light elements into another element.

    • Must overcome the repulsive electrostatic Coulomb force caused by two positive nucleii (containing protons) coming together,
    • To overcome this "Coulomb barrier", the atoms must slam together, at high speeds, with high kinetic energy, such as with heat. Most fusion experiments use a hot clouds of ions and electrons or plasma to produce neutrons.
    • Easiest to fuse is : 2 Hydrogen atoms are fused into 1 Helium atom.
    • Most Hydrohen [H] has 1 proton and no neutron in the nucleus. Deuterium  [D] has two neutrons in the nucleus and Tritium [T] has 2 neutrons.
    • Light water [H2O] has 2 Protiums. Semi heavy water [HDO] has 1 Protium and 1 Deuterium and heavy water [D2O] has 2 Deuteriums.

    List of companies and associations researching in LENR

    The following link gives an almost exhautive list of LENR researching entities.

    And this other link explores the various ongoing research on LENR.

     

    L'expérience développée par Pons et Fleishmann

    La théorie de la fusion froide du Professeur Français René-Louis VALLEE

    Les expériences menées en France depuis les années 90

    E tuttavia scalda ! L'aventure de la fusion froide (Film de Quentin Rameau)

    Quentin Rameau, étudiant en 1ère année de Master professionnel de Cinéma Documentaire à l'Université d'Aix-en-Provence a réalisé un film parfaitement documenté sur les différents travaux poursuivis en France depuis les années 90.


    Et pourtant, elle chauffe ! L'aventure de la fusion froide par Master-Pro-documentaire

    La technologie e-Cat du professeur Andre Rossi - The e-cat technology from Professor Andrea Rossi